act theory, we need to grasp what the author is doing in the communicative act (illocution): informing, exhorting, encouraging, telling a story, establishing basic beliefs or worldview, threatening, connecting, soliciting, celebrating, etc. In other words, what is the author’s tactic in the communicative act; what is he or she seeking to accomplish? Finally, what does the author hope will be the effects or outcomes for the readers (perlocution)? Understanding how poetry works poses additional and